TENSES
PEMBAHASAN
Cara Menghafal 16 Tenses
 | PRESENT (Sekarang) | PAST (Lampau) | FUTURE (akan datang) | PAST FUTURE (akan datang diwaktu lampau) |
SIMPLE | VERB 1 S/ES | VERB 2 | WILL + VERB 1 | WOULD + V1 |
CONTINUES (sedang berlangsung) | TO BE 1 + VERB ING | TO BE 2 + VERB ING | WILL + BE +| … | WOULD + BE + … |
PERFECT (sudah terjadi) | HAS/HAVE + V3 | HAD + V3 | WILL + HAVE + … | WOULD + HAVE + … |
PERFECT CONTINUES (sudah sedang terjadi) | HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VERB ING | HAS/HAVE + BEEN + VERB ING | WILL + HAVE + … | WOULD + HAVE + … |
Basic of Tenses
VERB I (Present ) | VERB II (Past) | VERB III (Perfect) |
Read Put Cut Teach Sleep Go Sit … | Read Put Cut Taught Slept Went Sat … | Read Put Cut Taught Slept Gone Sat … |
TO BE 1(present) | TO BE 2(past) | TO BE 3(perfect) |
Is Am Are | Was Were | Been |
Modal Aux
PRESENT | PAST |
Can May Must Have to Will (future) | Could Might Must Had to would |
Note:
1. Simple Present Tense.
· Pola : S + V1 + O
· Untuk Subject bentuk ketiga tunggal, V1 + s/es
· Singular Expression dianggap tunggal: each, every, one of….
· Meaning:
a. Menyatakan Habitual Action/Kebiasaan atau kegiatan yg terjadi berulang-ulang dan atau terus-menerus.
· My sisters lives in Cirebon
· Everynight the watchman turns on all the lights and walks around the building every half an hour.
· I go running three times a week.
b. Menyatakan general truth/kebenaran umum
· The sun rises in the east.
· The earth revolves around the sun
c. Membicarakan hal yg akan terjadi dimasa datang ( yg berkenaan dengan jadwal, program, acara atau kegiatan lain yg terencana)
· We begin lesson next week.
· Opening ceremony starts at 7.30.
· The train arrives at 8.14.
· Adverbial Frequency : always, usually, often…
2. Present Continues Tense.
· Pola : To be 1 + V ing + O
· Meaning:
a. Menyatakan kegiatan yg sedang berlangsung sekarang (now) atau around the time of speaking.
· Listen! He is singing a good song
· Fini is having dinner now
b. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi segera.
· Akbar is leaving for france tomorrow
· I am visiting a friend in the hospital
c. Stative Verbs: Kata kerja yang tidak bisa dalam bentuk continues.
Know hear want
Understand love taste
Realize believe seem
See hate smell
Need remember forget
· Adverbial Time: Now, at present, …
1. Simple Past
· Pola : S + V2 + O
· Meaning:
Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampu.
· I walked to school yesterday
· He lived in Paris two years ago.
· They bought a new car three days ago
· Menggunakan Conjungtion :When.
Menyatakan 2 kegiatan yg terjadi yg dihubungkan dengan When. Kegiatan pertama terjadi lalu diikuti kejadian kedua.
· When she heard a strange noise, she got up to investigate.
· When I dropped my cup, the cooffe spilled on my lap.
· I stood under a tree when it began to rain
· Adverbial Time: Yesterday, Last…,…Ago
2. Past Continues.
· Pola : S + To be 2 + V ing + O
·
Meaning:
Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau saat kegiatan lain terjadi di waktu lampau. ( menggunakan When/While)
· The engine was running when it suddenly stopped.
· When Izza came home, Mother was cooking in the kitchen.
· While I was studying in one room of our apartment, somebody opened the window.
· I was walking down the street, it began to rain
· Adverbial Time: Yesterday, Last…, …ago.
1. Present Perfect Tense
¨ Pola: S + Have/Has + V3 + O
¨ Meaning:
· Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah selesai dilaksanakan (sekarang atau unspecific time in the past)
- We have already written our reports. (we are not writing it anymore)
- Ira has already read the entire book. (she is not reading it anymore)
- Have you ever visited Palestine?
- I have never seen snow
· Untuk menyatakan situasi yang dimulai diwaktu past dan berlanjut di present ( biasanya menggunakan Since/for)
- I have been here since seven o’clock.
- We have been here for two hours
- I have known him since I was ten years old.
- We have known him for many years.
2. Present Perfect Continues.
¨ Pola: S + Have/Has + Been + V ing + O
¨ Meaning :
· Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau, sekarang masih berlangsung dan ada kemungkinan masih akan terus berlangsung diwaktu akan dating.
- John has been working in Washinton for three years
- Over the past few years, medical doctors have been searching for a drug to control the Aids virus.
- One of my friends has been working in your company since he graduated.
- All these years, Ira’s family has been living in poverty.
· Averbial time: For, Since, All day, All week, over
1. Future Continues
· Pola : S + will/shall + be + V-ing
· Meaning:
· Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung diwaktu akan datang.
Example:
1. Football begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.15. Tom will be watching the match at 8.30.
2. Right now I am sitting in class. At the same time tomorrow. I will be sitting in class.
3. Don’t call me at home at nine because I won’t be at home. I will be studying in English Course.
4. This time next week I will be sailing to Netherlands.
· Adverbial time : Tomorrow, next…,
2. Future Perfect Continues
·
Pola : S + will + Have + V3
· Meaning:
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan sudah berlangsung diwaktu akan datang.
Example:
1. By the end of the year, Ummi will have graduated from SMU
2. When Umar retires, His daughter will have finished her study
3. By the time He comes, Anisa will have finished having dinner.
4. please call me at 9 am, because I will have gone home from Al Hikmah
· Adverbial Time : When, By the time, as soon as….
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